Written by Becca Mann, Mosaic Intern for Student Gender Equity, Social Justice and Inclusion in Campus Life.

There is no denying that U.S.-born citizens hold privileges over immigrants, no matter their status (e.g., undocumented, visa recipient, permanent resident). My parents and I were all born in America. I recognize that there are many privileges that are granted to us because of this, and are withheld from those with a non-citizen status. Some of these privileges were things that took some time for me to learn about and the different experiences that immigrants may have encountered because they held a different status. Furthermore, I’ve grown to understand that these privileges excluding non-citizens are nothing personal to immigrants. Instead, they are part of something systemic that cause lack of access to necessary resources to many people living in the U.S.

Although not immigrant-related, this issue has made me think of the classic 1989 text, Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack by Peggy McIntosh. This piece creates the connection on how “Whiteness” grants “invisible” privileges to those who hold a White Identity. Although some of the items on the 26-point list may sound outdated, they resonate with how it has connected to my citizenship status. I would also like to be clear that I am also White. Now, there are definitely still privileges granted to those who are citizens regardless of race, but I want to take note of my racial identity because of how these two identities intersect.

(Picture taken from Los Angeles Times, 2014)

With this, I would like to provide only 12 of the many ways in which I benefit from my citizenship status (note: please keep in mind that the items on the list affect different immigrant groups in unique ways):

1. Although I still have to pay back my loans, I qualify for Federal Financial Aid in my pursuit of a college degree (FASFA.gov, 2018). I do not have to be concerned about my ability to stay in college is connected to my status.

2. In addition, I can qualify for cash welfare, food stamps, medical assistance if our family was ever financially struggling (Maryland.gov, 2018). I have a social security number, the prerequisite to access any of these.

3. I have the ability to travel anywhere and don't have to worry about not getting back in the country. I can go through airport security and customs easily.

4. I feel comfortable filling out job applications and don't have to worry about not being able to apply because of my status. Yes, you know that little box that asks, “Can you legally work in this country?” That’s because of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.

5. I don't have to renew a United States work permit every two to three years like some visa holders (USCIS, 2018). For that matter, this saves me the $495 for every time an immigrant has to renew it. I never have to worry about being sponsored by an employer in order for me to start working.

6. I don't have to keep tons of backups of identification on me at all times. In other words, I can just carry my license and not have to also think about carrying a passport, birth certificate, green card and/or social security card. I know this may also be due to my Whiteness. I acknowledge this can be something that citizens of color may still experience.

7. I don't have to deal with the awkwardness of friends not knowing my status or listen to mainstream media making derogatory comments on the citizenship statuses of me or my family.

8. I don't have to update my biometrics every year by scheduling an appointment with the Application Support Center— including my personal information, fingerprinting, and pictures (USCIS, 2018).

9. When I hear a knock on the door, I don't have to worry about it being ICE. I don't have to worry about the fear of deportation (or the deportation of my family members). If I plead guilty to a crime or if my status is discovered by the wrong people, I will not be removed for the United States to a potentially dangerous foreign environment.

10. I will never have to prove how American I am and that I belong in this country, even though I speak the language and have a job/family here. Again, a little Whiteness may be at play here.

11. I’m not called "undesirable" or “unworthy” for living in the United States. If I am discriminated against, I have the ability to practice my freedom of speech without the fear of deportation through a potential arrest.

12. I CAN VOTE! Although not all citizens vote, I know that I am partially responsible for selecting the people in government who represent me and create policies that affect all of us.

Want to get involved and connect with other immigrants/allies?

Join us for the eventsI Stand With Immigrants Day of Action and Igniting Consciousness Into the Undocumented Immigrant Experience TODAY Wednesday, October 24th!

Written By Sylvia Anokam, Mosaic Intern for Black and Africana Student Engagement in Campus Life.

Frequently during discussions relating to undocumented immigrants, you are likely to encounter the argument “Why can’t they come here legally?” People who ask this don't understand the complexity of the legal process. In reality, the visa process is a prolonged, expensive, selective, exclusionary, and limited process. The quantity of visas for those seeking Permanent Residency in the United States is limited. Furthermore, family-based visas are limited to what the United States considers “immediate relatives” for Permanent Residents (i.e. spouses, children). This definition is slightly expanded for U.S. Citizens to include siblings or parents. This definition of immediate family excludes grandparents, aunts, uncles or cousins which in many non-western, collectivist societies are still considered part of the nuclear family.

Work-based visas are exclusive to those who have exceptional talents in fields such as the sciences, medicine, arts, education, business, athletics, or to those have an advanced degree. That leaves a large sector of the international population ineligible to enter the country. This inadvertently also causes what is seen as “brain drain” in other countries, but that is something for another conversation. But if you are one of those who fit the privileged criteria above to receive either of those visas, you will still encounter socioeconomic difficulties during the application process.

To begin, the application fee alone can cost between $160 to $500 per application (U.S Department of State, 2018). You will need to contract an immigration attorney to assist with the paperwork. In addition, you must visit multiple doctors to receive all of the extensive required examinations and vaccinations (e.g. Mumps, Measles, Rubella, Polio, Tetanus and diphtheria, Pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Rotavirus, Meningococcal disease, Varicella, Pneumococcal disease, Seasonal influenza) (cdc.gov, 2012). Keep in mind that all these have their own associated medical and legal costs and that this is before your application process can be initiated!

(image from http://dreamacttexas.blogspot.com, 2008)

The process requires time flexibility as there are many appointments and interviews. You will need to make time in your schedule for your legal representative, the embassy specific to your country of origin, and US Citizen and Immigration Services (USCIS) to name a few. However, even after going through this entire process, you may still not be granted a visa. If you are lucky enough to get the green light, there still will be a wait period that ranges from five to fifteen years depending on your national origin. Additionally, just because you may qualify for this process does not mean everyone in your family also will be granted their visas. The wait time varies because the United States prioritizes those who are coming from countries with the least amount of immigrants, typically other Western or industrialized countries. On the other hand, this means that those who are coming from the global South are less likely to qualify or are likely to wait longer.

Imagine an average family composed of four member going through this process—it can cost between $1,740-$3,100 (not taking into account the exchange rate if done outside the US) just for the application and medical costs. And that is if you’re lucky enough to have a smooth, hassle-free process. Mistakes occur which may require “re-do’s” of applications, interviews as well as additional legal fees. Local non-profits like CASA offer low interest loans for those applying but some immigrants don't even have families who are citizens to file for them.  Or, they don't have the educational qualifications or skills required to be eligible to file for work visas. For those living abroad, economic disparities may make these costs even harder to afford. Looking back at where most immigrants in the United States come from Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and China, the average annual income is $19,900, $8,100, $8,900,$5,600, $16,700, respectively (CIA World Factbook, 2018). It does not take advanced math skills to know that the average families in these countries do not have the money to afford these fees.

There are people that have multiple family members living in the United States and may ask for financial support, but typically immigrants living in the United States already struggle financially. This can be a financial burden too large for most people to do it “the legal way.” So we encourage those who tell immigrants to “get in line” to understand that it is not easy for  those like me and my relatives.

As college students, I’m sure you’ve written your fair amount of essays. I know I sure have. But writing professional documents is a whole different ball game. Sure, a lot of the same skills are needed. Proper grammar is important and effective communication is a must. There are a few key skills, however, that only come with writing and reading hundreds of resumes. We don’t expect you to do that, which is why we’re here to help with all your professional document needs. Write a first draft, then drop by the Career Center (drop-ins weekdays from 2 pm - 4 pm) to get it professionally reviewed.

When you’re writing a resume keep in mind, it must convey a lot of information in one page without looking crowded or disorganized. That's why we suggest ditching the template and doing it by hand. Check out some sample resumes on our website to get an idea of how to format them. You may notice that there are a lot of different types of sections. We want you to include everything that will showcase your hard work the best, but the ones that must be included are Contact Information, Education, Skills, and Experience. When you’re writing your experience section, try to have descriptive bullet points that show the value you brought to the company you worked for. When in doubt, use this simple formula: action verb + what you did, who you did it for/with, and why it mattered. Check out a longer guide here.

Cover letters are job specific. That is, when you’re writing a resume, it can be used to apply for multiple jobs, but a new cover letter should be written for each job you’re applying to. Samples of cover letters can be seen here. Overall, they should be one page long, with three to four paragraphs. The first should describe how you found the position, the second why you want to work for the company, the third why you’d make a good fit and the fourth a salutation, thank you, and reminder of your contact information. As a rule of thumb, you should reduce any  negative language (whether it be about you or the company). Check out a more extensive guide and some examples on our website.

Other documents you might be asked for include (but are not limited to) CVs, personal statements, and writing samples. If you have questions about any of these, please feel free to make an appointment with a Career Counselor. Samples of documents can also be found here on our website.